- Jan 28, 2023
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Rik van Riel authored
Instead of waiting for an RCU grace period between each ipc_namespace structure that is being freed, wait an RCU grace period for every batch of ipc_namespace structures. Thanks to Al Viro for the suggestion of the helper function. This speeds up the run time of the test case that allocates ipc_namespaces in a loop from 6 minutes, to a little over 1 second: real 0m1.192s user 0m0.038s sys 0m1.152s Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Reported-by:
Chris Mason <clm@meta.com> Tested-by:
Giuseppe Scrivano <gscrivan@redhat.com> Suggested-by:
Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by:
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- Oct 03, 2022
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Jiebin Sun authored
The msg_bytes and msg_hdrs atomic counters are frequently updated when IPC msg queue is in heavy use, causing heavy cache bounce and overhead. Change them to percpu_counter greatly improve the performance. Since there is one percpu struct per namespace, additional memory cost is minimal. Reading of the count done in msgctl call, which is infrequent. So the need to sum up the counts in each CPU is infrequent. Apply the patch and test the pts/stress-ng-1.4.0 -- system v message passing (160 threads). Score gain: 3.99x CPU: ICX 8380 x 2 sockets Core number: 40 x 2 physical cores Benchmark: pts/stress-ng-1.4.0 -- system v message passing (160 threads) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style cleanups] [jiebin.sun@intel.com: avoid negative value by overflow in msginfo] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220920150809.4014944-1-jiebin.sun@intel.com [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warnings] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220913192538.3023708-3-jiebin.sun@intel.com Signed-off-by:
Jiebin Sun <jiebin.sun@intel.com> Reviewed-by:
Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Alexander Mikhalitsyn <alexander.mikhalitsyn@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Vasily Averin <vasily.averin@linux.dev> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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- Jul 01, 2021
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Manfred Spraul authored
If semctl(), msgctl() and shmctl() are called with IPC_INFO, SEM_INFO, MSG_INFO or SHM_INFO, then the return value is the index of the highest used index in the kernel's internal array recording information about all SysV objects of the requested type for the current namespace. (This information can be used with repeated ..._STAT or ..._STAT_ANY operations to obtain information about all SysV objects on the system.) There is a cache for this value. But when the cache needs up be updated, then the highest used index is determined by looping over all possible values. With the introduction of IPCMNI_EXTEND_SHIFT, this could be a loop over 16 million entries. And due to /proc/sys/kernel/*next_id, the index values do not need to be consecutive. With <write 16000000 to msg_next_id>, msgget(), msgctl(,IPC_RMID) in a loop, I have observed a performance increase of around factor 13000. As there is no get_last() function for idr structures: Implement a "get_last()" using a binary search. As far as I see, ipc is the only user that needs get_last(), thus implement it in ipc/util.c and not in a central location. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment, fix typo] Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210425075208.11777-2-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Acked-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Cc: <1vier1@web.de> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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- Sep 07, 2019
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Arnd Bergmann authored
Matt bisected a sparc64 specific issue with semctl, shmctl and msgctl to a commit from my y2038 series in linux-5.1, as I missed the custom sys_ipc() wrapper that sparc64 uses in place of the generic version that I patched. The problem is that the sys_{sem,shm,msg}ctl() functions in the kernel now do not allow being called with the IPC_64 flag any more, resulting in a -EINVAL error when they don't recognize the command. Instead, the correct way to do this now is to call the internal ksys_old_{sem,shm,msg}ctl() functions to select the API version. As we generally move towards these functions anyway, change all of sparc_ipc() to consistently use those in place of the sys_*() versions, and move the required ksys_*() declarations into linux/syscalls.h The IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SYSVIPC) check is required to avoid link errors when ipc is disabled. Reported-by:Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com> Fixes: 275f2214 ("ipc: rename old-style shmctl/semctl/msgctl syscalls") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Tested-by:
Anatoly Pugachev <matorola@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
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- May 15, 2019
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Manfred Spraul authored
For ipcmni_extend mode, the sequence number space is only 7 bits. So the chance of id reuse is relatively high compared with the non-extended mode. To alleviate this id reuse problem, this patch enables cyclic allocation for the index to the radix tree (idx). The disadvantage is that this can cause a slight slow-down of the fast path, as the radix tree could be higher than necessary. To limit the radix tree height, I have chosen the following limits: 1) The cycling is done over in_use*1.5. 2) At least, the cycling is done over "normal" ipcnmi mode: RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE elements "ipcmni_extended": 4096 elements Result: - for normal mode: No change for <= 42 active ipc elements. With more than 42 active ipc elements, a 2nd level would be added to the radix tree. Without cyclic allocation, a 2nd level would be added only with more than 63 active elements. - for extended mode: Cycling creates always at least a 2-level radix tree. With more than 2730 active objects, a 3rd level would be added, instead of > 4095 active objects until the 3rd level is added without cyclic allocation. For a 2-level radix tree compared to a 1-level radix tree, I have observed < 1% performance impact. Notes: 1) Normal "x=semget();y=semget();" is unaffected: Then the idx is e.g. a and a+1, regardless if idr_alloc() or idr_alloc_cyclic() is used. 2) The -1% happens in a microbenchmark after this situation: x=semget(); for(i=0;i<4000;i++) {t=semget();semctl(t,0,IPC_RMID);} y=semget(); Now perform semget calls on x and y that do not sleep. 3) The worst-case reuse cycle time is unfortunately unaffected: If you have 2^24-1 ipc objects allocated, and get/remove the last possible element in a loop, then the id is reused after 128 get/remove pairs. Performance check: A microbenchmark that performes no-op semop() randomly on two IDs, with only these two IDs allocated. The IDs were set using /proc/sys/kernel/sem_next_id. The test was run 5 times, averages are shown. 1 & 2: Base (6.22 seconds for 10.000.000 semops) 1 & 40: -0.2% 1 & 3348: - 0.8% 1 & 27348: - 1.6% 1 & 15777204: - 3.2% Or: ~12.6 cpu cycles per additional radix tree level. The cpu is an Intel I3-5010U. ~1300 cpu cycles/syscall is slower than what I remember (spectre impact?). V2 of the patch: - use "min" and "max" - use RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE * RADIX_TREE_MAP_SIZE instead of (2<<12). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix max() warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190329204930.21620-3-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by:Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com> Cc: "Luis R. Rodriguez" <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
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Manfred Spraul authored
Rewrite, based on the patch from Waiman Long: The mixing in of a sequence number into the IPC IDs is probably to avoid ID reuse in userspace as much as possible. With ipcmni_extend mode, the number of usable sequence numbers is greatly reduced leading to higher chance of ID reuse. To address this issue, we need to conserve the sequence number space as much as possible. Right now, the sequence number is incremented for every new ID created. In reality, we only need to increment the sequence number when new allocated ID is not greater than the last one allocated. It is in such case that the new ID may collide with an existing one. This is being done irrespective of the ipcmni mode. In order to avoid any races, the index is first allocated and then the pointer is replaced. Changes compared to the initial patch: - Handle failures from idr_alloc(). - Avoid that concurrent operations can see the wrong sequence number. (This is achieved by using idr_replace()). - IPCMNI_SEQ_SHIFT is not a constant, thus renamed to ipcmni_seq_shift(). - IPCMNI_SEQ_MAX is not a constant, thus renamed to ipcmni_seq_max(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190329204930.21620-2-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by:
Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Acked-by:
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Waiman Long authored
The maximum number of unique System V IPC identifiers was limited to 32k. That limit should be big enough for most use cases. However, there are some users out there requesting for more, especially those that are migrating from Solaris which uses 24 bits for unique identifiers. To satisfy the need of those users, a new boot time kernel option "ipcmni_extend" is added to extend the IPCMNI value to 16M. This is a 512X increase which should be big enough for users out there that need a large number of unique IPC identifier. The use of this new option will change the pattern of the IPC identifiers returned by functions like shmget(2). An application that depends on such pattern may not work properly. So it should only be used if the users really need more than 32k of unique IPC numbers. This new option does have the side effect of reducing the maximum number of unique sequence numbers from 64k down to 128. So it is a trade-off. The computation of a new IPC id is not done in the performance critical path. So a little bit of additional overhead shouldn't have any real performance impact. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190329204930.21620-1-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by:
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- Jan 25, 2019
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Arnd Bergmann authored
The behavior of these system calls is slightly different between architectures, as determined by the CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION symbol. Most architectures that implement the split IPC syscalls don't set that symbol and only get the modern version, but alpha, arm, microblaze, mips-n32, mips-n64 and xtensa expect the caller to pass the IPC_64 flag. For the architectures that so far only implement sys_ipc(), i.e. m68k, mips-o32, powerpc, s390, sh, sparc, and x86-32, we want the new behavior when adding the split syscalls, so we need to distinguish between the two groups of architectures. The method I picked for this distinction is to have a separate system call entry point: sys_old_*ctl() now uses ipc_parse_version, while sys_*ctl() does not. The system call tables of the five architectures are changed accordingly. As an additional benefit, we no longer need the configuration specific definition for ipc_parse_version(), it always does the same thing now, but simply won't get called on architectures with the modern interface. A small downside is that on architectures that do set ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION, we now have an extra set of entry points that are never called. They only add a few bytes of bloat, so it seems better to keep them compared to adding yet another Kconfig symbol. I considered adding new syscall numbers for the IPC_64 variants for consistency, but decided against that for now. Signed-off-by:
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- Oct 31, 2018
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Waiman Long authored
For SysV semaphores, the semmni value is the last part of the 4-element sem number array. To make semmni behave in a similar way to msgmni and shmmni, we can't directly use the _minmax handler. Instead, a special sem specific handler is added to check the last argument to make sure that it is limited to the [0, IPCMNI] range. An error will be returned if this is not the case. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1536352137-12003-3-git-send-email-longman@redhat.com Signed-off-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Luis R. Rodriguez <mcgrof@kernel.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Signed-off-by:
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- Aug 27, 2018
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Arnd Bergmann authored
Christoph Hellwig suggested a slightly different path for handling backwards compatibility with the 32-bit time_t based system calls: Rather than simply reusing the compat_sys_* entry points on 32-bit architectures unchanged, we get rid of those entry points and the compat_time types by renaming them to something that makes more sense on 32-bit architectures (which don't have a compat mode otherwise), and then share the entry points under the new name with the 64-bit architectures that use them for implementing the compatibility. The following types and interfaces are renamed here, and moved from linux/compat_time.h to linux/time32.h: old new --- --- compat_time_t old_time32_t struct compat_timeval struct old_timeval32 struct compat_timespec struct old_timespec32 struct compat_itimerspec struct old_itimerspec32 ns_to_compat_timeval() ns_to_old_timeval32() get_compat_itimerspec64() get_old_itimerspec32() put_compat_itimerspec64() put_old_itimerspec32() compat_get_timespec64() get_old_timespec32() compat_put_timespec64() put_old_timespec32() As we already have aliases in place, this patch addresses only the instances that are relevant to the system call interface in particular, not those that occur in device drivers and other modules. Those will get handled separately, while providing the 64-bit version of the respective interfaces. I'm not renaming the timex, rusage and itimerval structures, as we are still debating what the new interface will look like, and whether we will need a replacement at all. This also doesn't change the names of the syscall entry points, which can be done more easily when we actually switch over the 32-bit architectures to use them, at that point we need to change COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINEx to SYSCALL_DEFINEx with a new name, e.g. with a _time32 suffix. Suggested-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20180705222110.GA5698@infradead.org/ Signed-off-by:
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- Aug 22, 2018
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Manfred Spraul authored
ipc_getref has still a return value of type "int", matching the atomic_t interface of atomic_inc_not_zero()/atomic_add_unless(). ipc_getref now uses refcount_inc_not_zero, which has a return value of type "bool". Therefore, update the return code to avoid implicit conversions. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180712185241.4017-13-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Manfred Spraul authored
The varable names got a mess, thus standardize them again: id: user space id. Called semid, shmid, msgid if the type is known. Most functions use "id" already. idx: "index" for the idr lookup Right now, some functions use lid, ipc_addid() already uses idx as the variable name. seq: sequence number, to avoid quick collisions of the user space id key: user space key, used for the rhash tree Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180712185241.4017-12-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by: -
Davidlohr Bueso authored
Now that we know that rhashtable_init() will not fail, we can get rid of a lot of the unnecessary cleanup paths when the call errored out. [manfred@colorfullife.com: variable name added to util.h to resolve checkpatch warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180712185241.4017-11-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
ipc/util.c contains multiple functions to get the ipc object pointer given an id number. There are two sets of function: One set verifies the sequence counter part of the id number, other functions do not check the sequence counter. The standard for function names in ipc/util.c is - ..._check() functions verify the sequence counter - ..._idr() functions do not verify the sequence counter ipc_lock() is an exception: It does not verify the sequence counter value, but this is not obvious from the function name. Furthermore, shm.c is the only user of this helper. Thus, we can simply move the logic into shm_lock() and get rid of the function altogether. [manfred@colorfullife.com: most of changelog] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180712185241.4017-7-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Manfred Spraul authored
Both the comment and the name of ipcctl_pre_down_nolock() are misleading: The function must be called while holdling the rw semaphore. Therefore the patch renames the function to ipcctl_obtain_check(): This name matches the other names used in util.c: - "obtain" function look up a pointer in the idr, without acquiring the object lock. - The caller is responsible for locking. - _check means that the sequence number is checked. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180712185241.4017-5-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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- Apr 20, 2018
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Arnd Bergmann authored
Three ipc syscalls (mq_timedsend, mq_timedreceive and and semtimedop) take a timespec argument. After we move 32-bit architectures over to useing 64-bit time_t based syscalls, we need seperate entry points for the old 32-bit based interfaces. This changes the #ifdef guards for the existing 32-bit compat syscalls to check for CONFIG_COMPAT_32BIT_TIME instead, which will then be enabled on all existing 32-bit architectures. Signed-off-by: -
Arnd Bergmann authored
This is a preparatation for changing over __kernel_timespec to 64-bit times, which involves assigning new system call numbers for mq_timedsend(), mq_timedreceive() and semtimedop() for compatibility with future y2038 proof user space. The existing ABIs will remain available through compat code. Signed-off-by:
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- Apr 02, 2018
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_msgsnd() and compat_ksys_msgsnd() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_msgsnd() and compat_sys_msgsnd(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_msgrcv() and compat_ksys_msgrcv() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_msgrcv() and compat_sys_msgrcv(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_msgctl() and compat_ksys_msgctl() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_msgctl() and compat_sys_msgctl(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_shmctl() and compat_ksys_shmctl() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_shmctl() and compat_sys_shmctl(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_shmdt() wrapper to avoid in-kernel calls to this syscall. The ksys_ prefix denotes that this function is meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscall. In particular, it uses the same calling convention as sys_shmdt(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_shmget() wrapper to avoid in-kernel calls to this syscall. The ksys_ prefix denotes that this function is meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscall. In particular, it uses the same calling convention as sys_shmget(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_msgget() wrapper to avoid in-kernel calls to this syscall. The ksys_ prefix denotes that this function is meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscall. In particular, it uses the same calling convention as sys_msgget(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_semctl() and compat_ksys_semctl() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_semctl() and compat_sys_semctl(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_semget() wrapper to avoid in-kernel calls to this syscall. The ksys_ prefix denotes that this function is meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscall. In particular, it uses the same calling convention as sys_semget(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Dominik Brodowski authored
Provide ksys_semtimedop() and compat_ksys_semtimedop() wrappers to avoid in-kernel calls to these syscalls. The ksys_ prefix denotes that these functions are meant as a drop-in replacement for the syscalls. In particular, they use the same calling convention as sys_semtimedop() and compat_sys_semtimedop(). This patch is part of a series which removes in-kernel calls to syscalls. On this basis, the syscall entry path can be streamlined. For details, see http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180325162527.GA17492@light.dominikbrodowski.net Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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- Mar 24, 2018
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Eric W. Biederman authored
Capture the pid namespace when /proc/sysvipc/msg /proc/sysvipc/shm and /proc/sysvipc/sem are opened, and make it available through the new helper ipc_seq_pid_ns. This makes it possible to report the pids in these files in the pid namespace of the opener of the files. Implement ipc_update_pid. A simple impline helper that will only update a struct pid pointer if the new value does not equal the old value. This removes the need for wordy code sequences like: old = object->pid; object->pid = new; put_pid(old); and old = object->pid; if (old != new) { object->pid = new; put_pid(old); } Allowing the following to be written instead: ipc_update_pid(&object->pid, new); Which is easier to read and ensures that the pid reference count is not touched the old and the new values are the same. Not touching the reference count in this case is important to help avoid issues like af_unix experienced, where multiple threads of the same process managed to bounce the struct pid between cpu cache lines, but updating the pids reference count. Signed-off-by:"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
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Eric W. Biederman authored
The definition IPCMNI is only used in ipc/util.h and ipc/util.c. So there is no reason to keep it in a header file that the whole kernel can see. Move it into util.h to simplify future maintenance. Signed-off-by:
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- Nov 18, 2017
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
For a custom microbenchmark on a 3.30GHz Xeon SandyBridge, which calls IPC_STAT over and over, it was calculated that, on avg the cost of ipc_get_maxid() for increasing amounts of keys was: 10 keys: ~900 cycles 100 keys: ~15000 cycles 1000 keys: ~150000 cycles 10000 keys: ~2100000 cycles This is unsurprising as maxid is currently O(n). By having the max_id available in O(1) we save all those cycles for each semctl(_STAT) command, the idr_find can be expensive -- which some real (customer) workloads actually poll on. Note that this used to be the case, until commit 7ca7e564 ("ipc: store ipcs into IDRs"). The cost is the extra idr_find when doing RMIDs, but we simply go backwards, and should not take too many iterations to find the new value. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831172049.14576-5-dave@stgolabs.net Signed-off-by:
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
Patch series "sysvipc: ipc-key management improvements". Here are a few improvements I spotted while eyeballing Guillaume's rhashtable implementation for ipc keys. The first and fourth patches are the interesting ones, the middle two are trivial. This patch (of 4): The next_id object-allocation functionality was introduced in commit 03f59566 ("ipc: add sysctl to specify desired next object id"). Given that these new entries are _only_ exported under the CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE option, there is no point for the common case to even know about ->next_id. As such rewrite ipc_buildid() such that it can do away with the field as well as unnecessary branches when adding a new identifier. The end result also better differentiates both cases, so the code ends up being cleaner; albeit the small duplications regarding the default case. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170831172049.14576-2-dave@stgolabs.net Signed-off-by:
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- Nov 02, 2017
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Greg Kroah-Hartman authored
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by:
Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by:
Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by:
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by:
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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- Sep 09, 2017
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Guillaume Knispel authored
ipc_findkey() used to scan all objects to look for the wanted key. This is slow when using a high number of keys. This change adds an rhashtable of kern_ipc_perm objects in ipc_ids, so that one lookup cease to be O(n). This change gives a 865% improvement of benchmark reaim.jobs_per_min on a 56 threads Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2695 v3 @ 2.30GHz with 256G memory [1] Other (more micro) benchmark results, by the author: On an i5 laptop, the following loop executed right after a reboot took, without and with this change: for (int i = 0, k=0x424242; i < KEYS; ++i) semget(k++, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0600); total total max single max single KEYS without with call without call with 1 3.5 4.9 µs 3.5 4.9 10 7.6 8.6 µs 3.7 4.7 32 16.2 15.9 µs 4.3 5.3 100 72.9 41.8 µs 3.7 4.7 1000 5,630.0 502.0 µs * * 10000 1,340,000.0 7,240.0 µs * * 31900 17,600,000.0 22,200.0 µs * * *: unreliable measure: high variance The duration for a lookup-only usage was obtained by the same loop once the keys are present: total total max single max single KEYS without with call without call with 1 2.1 2.5 µs 2.1 2.5 10 4.5 4.8 µs 2.2 2.3 32 13.0 10.8 µs 2.3 2.8 100 82.9 25.1 µs * 2.3 1000 5,780.0 217.0 µs * * 10000 1,470,000.0 2,520.0 µs * * 31900 17,400,000.0 7,810.0 µs * * Finally, executing each semget() in a new process gave, when still summing only the durations of these syscalls: creation: total total KEYS without with 1 3.7 5.0 µs 10 32.9 36.7 µs 32 125.0 109.0 µs 100 523.0 353.0 µs 1000 20,300.0 3,280.0 µs 10000 2,470,000.0 46,700.0 µs 31900 27,800,000.0 219,000.0 µs lookup-only: total total KEYS without with 1 2.5 2.7 µs 10 25.4 24.4 µs 32 106.0 72.6 µs 100 591.0 352.0 µs 1000 22,400.0 2,250.0 µs 10000 2,510,000.0 25,700.0 µs 31900 28,200,000.0 115,000.0 µs [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170814060507.GE23258@yexl-desktop Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170815194954.ck32ta2z35yuzpwp@debix Signed-off-by:Guillaume Knispel <guillaume.knispel@supersonicimagine.com> Reviewed-by:
Marc Pardo <marc.pardo@supersonicimagine.com> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> Cc: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org> Cc: Guillaume Knispel <guillaume.knispel@supersonicimagine.com> Cc: Marc Pardo <marc.pardo@supersonicimagine.com> Signed-off-by:
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- Jul 16, 2017
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Al Viro authored
Signed-off-by: -
Al Viro authored
Signed-off-by:
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- Jul 13, 2017
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Manfred Spraul authored
Now that ipc_rcu_alloc() and ipc_rcu_free() are removed, document when it is valid to use ipc_getref() and ipc_putref(). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170525185107.12869-21-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Kees Cook authored
No callers remain for ipc_rcu_alloc(). Drop the function. [manfred@colorfullife.com: Rediff because the memset was temporarily inside ipc_rcu_free()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170525185107.12869-13-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by:
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Kees Cook authored
There are no more callers of ipc_rcu_free(), so remove it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170525185107.12869-9-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Kees Cook authored
The only users of ipc_alloc() were ipc_rcu_alloc() and the on-heap sem_io fall-back memory. Better to just open-code these to make things easier to read. [manfred@colorfullife.com: Rediff due to inclusion of memset() into ipc_rcu_alloc()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170525185107.12869-5-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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Manfred Spraul authored
ipc has two management structures that exist for every id: - struct kern_ipc_perm, it contains e.g. the permissions. - struct ipc_rcu, it contains the rcu head for rcu handling and the refcount. The patch merges both structures. As a bonus, we may save one cacheline, because both structures are cacheline aligned. In addition, it reduces the number of casts, instead most codepaths can use container_of. To simplify code, the ipc_rcu_alloc initializes the allocation to 0. [manfred@colorfullife.com: really include the memset() into ipc_alloc_rcu()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/564f8612-0601-b267-514f-a9f650ec9b32@colorfullife.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170525185107.12869-3-manfred@colorfullife.com Signed-off-by:
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