Add tests validating that it's possible to pass context arguments into
global subprogs for various types of programs, including a particularly
tricky KPROBE programs (which cover kprobes, uprobes, USDTs, a vast and
important class of programs).

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230216045954.3002473-4-andrii@kernel.org

Convert 17 test_global_funcs subtests into test_loader framework for
easier maintenance and more declarative way to define expected
failures/successes.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230216045954.3002473-3-andrii@kernel.org

KPROBE program's user-facing context type is defined as typedef
bpf_user_pt_regs_t. This leads to a problem when trying to passing
kprobe/uprobe/usdt context argument into global subprog, as kernel
always strip away mods and typedefs of user-supplied type, but takes
expected type from bpf_ctx_convert as is, which causes mismatch.

Current way to work around this is to define a fake struct with the same
name as expected typedef:

  struct bpf_user_pt_regs_t {};

  __noinline my_global_subprog(struct bpf_user_pt_regs_t *ctx) { ... }

This patch fixes the issue by resolving expected type, if it's not
a struct. It still leaves the above work-around working for backwards
compatibility.

Fixes: 91cc1a99 ("bpf: Annotate context types")
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230216045954.3002473-2-andrii@kernel.org

This patch fixes the following issue of function calls in JIT, like:

  [   29.346981] multi-func JIT bug 105 != 103

The issus can be reproduced by running the "inline simple bpf_loop call"
verifier test.

This is because we are emiting 2-4 instructions for 64-bit immediate moves.
During the first pass of JIT, the placeholder address is zero, emiting two
instructions for it. In the extra pass, the function address is in XKVRANGE,
emiting four instructions for it. This change the instruction index in
JIT context. Let's always use 4 instructions for function address in JIT.
So that the instruction sequences don't change between the first pass and
the extra pass for function calls.

Fixes: 5dc61552 ("LoongArch: Add BPF JIT support")
Signed-off-by: Hengqi Chen <hengqi.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Tested-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214152633.2265699-1-hengqi.chen@gmail.com

The bpf_fib_lookup() helper does not only look up the fib (ie. route)
but it also looks up the neigh. Before returning the neigh, the helper
does not check for NUD_VALID. When a neigh state (neigh->nud_state)
is in NUD_FAILED, its dmac (neigh->ha) could be all zeros. The helper
still returns SUCCESS instead of NO_NEIGH in this case. Because of the
SUCCESS return value, the bpf prog directly uses the returned dmac
and ends up filling all zero in the eth header.

This patch checks for NUD_VALID and returns NO_NEIGH if the neigh is
not valid.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230217004150.2980689-3-martin.lau@linux.dev

Some of the bpf helpers require bh disabled. eg. The bpf_fib_lookup
helper that will be used in a latter selftest. In particular, it
calls ___neigh_lookup_noref that expects the bh disabled.

This patch disables bh before calling bpf_prog_run[_xdp], so
the testing prog can also use those helpers.

Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230217004150.2980689-2-martin.lau@linux.dev

Xsk Tx can be triggered via either sendmsg() or poll() syscalls. These
two paths share a call to common function xsk_xmit() which has two
sanity checks within. A pseudo code example to show the two paths:

__xsk_sendmsg() :                       xsk_poll():
if (unlikely(!xsk_is_bound(xs)))        if (unlikely(!xsk_is_bound(xs)))
    return -ENXIO;                          return mask;
if (unlikely(need_wait))                (...)
    return -EOPNOTSUPP;                 xsk_xmit()
mark napi id
(...)
xsk_xmit()

xsk_xmit():
if (unlikely(!(xs->dev->flags & IFF_UP)))
	return -ENETDOWN;
if (unlikely(!xs->tx))
	return -ENOBUFS;

As it can be observed above, in sendmsg() napi id can be marked on
interface that was not brought up and this causes a NULL ptr
dereference:

[31757.505631] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000018
[31757.512710] #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
[31757.517936] #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
[31757.523149] PGD 0 P4D 0
[31757.525726] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP NOPTI
[31757.530154] CPU: 26 PID: 95641 Comm: xdpsock Not tainted 6.2.0-rc5+ #40
[31757.536871] Hardware name: Intel Corporation S2600WFT/S2600WFT, BIOS SE5C620.86B.02.01.0008.031920191559 03/19/2019
[31757.547457] RIP: 0010:xsk_sendmsg+0xde/0x180
[31757.551799] Code: 00 75 a2 48 8b 00 a8 04 75 9b 84 d2 74 69 8b 85 14 01 00 00 85 c0 75 1b 48 8b 85 28 03 00 00 48 8b 80 98 00 00 00 48 8b 40 20 <8b> 40 18 89 85 14 01 00 00 8b bd 14 01 00 00 81 ff 00 01 00 00 0f
[31757.570840] RSP: 0018:ffffc90034f27dc0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[31757.576143] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffc90034f27e18 RCX: 0000000000000000
[31757.583389] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: ffffc90034f27e18 RDI: ffff88984cf3c100
[31757.590631] RBP: ffff88984714a800 R08: ffff88984714a800 R09: 0000000000000000
[31757.597877] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffa
[31757.605123] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
[31757.612364] FS:  00007fb4c5931180(0000) GS:ffff88afdfa00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[31757.620571] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[31757.626406] CR2: 0000000000000018 CR3: 000000184b41c003 CR4: 00000000007706e0
[31757.633648] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[31757.640894] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[31757.648139] PKRU: 55555554
[31757.650894] Call Trace:
[31757.653385]  <TASK>
[31757.655524]  sock_sendmsg+0x8f/0xa0
[31757.659077]  ? sockfd_lookup_light+0x12/0x70
[31757.663416]  __sys_sendto+0xfc/0x170
[31757.667051]  ? do_sched_setscheduler+0xdb/0x1b0
[31757.671658]  __x64_sys_sendto+0x20/0x30
[31757.675557]  do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
[31757.679197]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc
[31757.687969] Code: 8e f6 ff 44 8b 4c 24 2c 4c 8b 44 24 20 41 89 c4 44 8b 54 24 28 48 8b 54 24 18 b8 2c 00 00 00 48 8b 74 24 10 8b 7c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 3a 44 89 e7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 b5 8e f6 ff 48
[31757.707007] RSP: 002b:00007ffd49c73c70 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002c
[31757.714694] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055a996565380 RCX: 00007fb4c5727c16
[31757.721939] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000003
[31757.729184] RBP: 0000000000000040 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[31757.736429] R10: 0000000000000040 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
[31757.743673] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
[31757.754940]  </TASK>

To fix this, let's make xsk_xmit a function that will be responsible for
generic Tx, where RCU is handled accordingly and pull out sanity checks
and xs->zc handling. Populate sanity checks to __xsk_sendmsg() and
xsk_poll().

Fixes: ca2e1a62 ("xsk: Mark napi_id on sendmsg()")
Fixes: 18b1ab7a ("xsk: Fix race at socket teardown")
Signed-off-by: Maciej Fijalkowski <maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Lobakin <aleksander.lobakin@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230215143309.13145-1-maciej.fijalkowski@intel.com


Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

Run spell checker on files in selftest/bpf and fixed typos.

Signed-off-by: Taichi Nishimura <awkrail01@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230216085537.519062-1-awkrail01@gmail.com

Use the new type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd().
Fix a prog/map mixup in prog_holds_map().

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-6-iii@linux.ibm.com

Use the new type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd().

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-5-iii@linux.ibm.com

Use the new type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd().

Split the bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd() call in build_btf_type_table() in
two, since knowing the type helps with the Memory Sanitizer.

Improve map_parse_fd_and_info() type safety by using
struct bpf_map_info * instead of void * for info.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-4-iii@linux.ibm.com

Use the new type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd().

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-3-iii@linux.ibm.com

These are type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(). They
found one problem in selftests, and are also useful for adding
Memory Sanitizer annotations.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-2-iii@linux.ibm.com

&xdp_buff and &xdp_frame are bound in a way that

xdp_buff->data_hard_start == xdp_frame

It's always the case and e.g. xdp_convert_buff_to_frame() relies on
this.
IOW, the following:

	for (u32 i = 0; i < 0xdead; i++) {
		xdpf = xdp_convert_buff_to_frame(&xdp);
		xdp_convert_frame_to_buff(xdpf, &xdp);
	}

shouldn't ever modify @xdpf's contents or the pointer itself.
However, "live packet" code wrongly treats &xdp_frame as part of its
context placed *before* the data_hard_start. With such flow,
data_hard_start is sizeof(*xdpf) off to the right and no longer points
to the XDP frame.

Instead of replacing `sizeof(ctx)` with `offsetof(ctx, xdpf)` in several
places and praying that there are no more miscalcs left somewhere in the
code, unionize ::frm with ::data in a flex array, so that both starts
pointing to the actual data_hard_start and the XDP frame actually starts
being a part of it, i.e. a part of the headroom, not the context.
A nice side effect is that the maximum frame size for this mode gets
increased by 40 bytes, as xdp_buff::frame_sz includes everything from
data_hard_start (-> includes xdpf already) to the end of XDP/skb shared
info.
Also update %MAX_PKT_SIZE accordingly in the selftests code. Leave it
hardcoded for 64 bit && 4k pages, it can be made more flexible later on.

Minor: align `&head->data` with how `head->frm` is assigned for
consistency.
Minor #2: rename 'frm' to 'frame' in &xdp_page_head while at it for
clarity.

(was found while testing XDP traffic generator on ice, which calls
 xdp_convert_frame_to_buff() for each XDP frame)

Fixes: b530e9e1 ("bpf: Add "live packet" mode for XDP in BPF_PROG_RUN")
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Lobakin <aleksander.lobakin@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230215185440.4126672-1-aleksander.lobakin@intel.com


Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>

Anton Protopopov says:

====================

Add a new benchmark for hashmap lookups and fix several typos.

In commit 3 I've patched the bench utility so that now command line options
can be reused by different benchmarks.

The benchmark itself is added in the last commit 7. I was using this benchmark
to test map lookup productivity when using a different hash function [1]. When
run with --quiet, the results can be easily plotted [2].  The results provided
by the benchmark look reasonable and match the results of my different
benchmarks (requiring to patch kernel to get actual statistics on map lookups).

Links:
  [1] https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/bpf_hashing/
  [2] https://github.com/aspsk/bpf-bench/tree/master/hashmap-bench



Changes,
v1->v2:
- percpu_times_index[] is of wrong size (Martin)
- use base 0 for strtol (Andrii)
- just use -q without argument (Andrii)
- use less hacks when parsing arguments (Andrii)
====================

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>

Add a new benchmark which measures hashmap lookup operations speed.  A user can
control the following parameters of the benchmark:

    * key_size (max 1024): the key size to use
    * max_entries: the hashmap max entries
    * nr_entries: the number of entries to insert/lookup
    * nr_loops: the number of loops for the benchmark
    * map_flags The hashmap flags passed to BPF_MAP_CREATE

The BPF program performing the benchmarks calls two nested bpf_loop:

    bpf_loop(nr_loops/nr_entries)
            bpf_loop(nr_entries)
                     bpf_map_lookup()

So the nr_loops determines the number of actual map lookups. All lookups are
successful.

Example (the output is generated on a AMD Ryzen 9 3950X machine):

    for nr_entries in `seq 4096 4096 65536`; do echo -n "$((nr_entries*100/65536))% full: "; sudo ./bench -d2 -a bpf-hashmap-lookup --key_size=4 --nr_entries=$nr_entries --max_entries=65536 --nr_loops=1000000 --map_flags=0x40 | grep cpu; done
    6% full: cpu01: lookup 50.739M ± 0.018M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~19ms)
    12% full: cpu01: lookup 47.751M ± 0.015M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~20ms)
    18% full: cpu01: lookup 45.153M ± 0.013M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~22ms)
    25% full: cpu01: lookup 43.826M ± 0.014M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~22ms)
    31% full: cpu01: lookup 41.971M ± 0.012M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~23ms)
    37% full: cpu01: lookup 41.034M ± 0.015M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~24ms)
    43% full: cpu01: lookup 39.946M ± 0.012M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~25ms)
    50% full: cpu01: lookup 38.256M ± 0.014M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~26ms)
    56% full: cpu01: lookup 36.580M ± 0.018M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~27ms)
    62% full: cpu01: lookup 36.252M ± 0.012M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~27ms)
    68% full: cpu01: lookup 35.200M ± 0.012M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~28ms)
    75% full: cpu01: lookup 34.061M ± 0.009M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~29ms)
    81% full: cpu01: lookup 34.374M ± 0.010M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~29ms)
    87% full: cpu01: lookup 33.244M ± 0.011M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~30ms)
    93% full: cpu01: lookup 32.182M ± 0.013M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~31ms)
    100% full: cpu01: lookup 31.497M ± 0.016M events/sec (approximated from 32 samples of ~31ms)

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-8-aspsk@isovalent.com

The bench utility will print

    Setting up benchmark '<bench-name>'...
    Benchmark '<bench-name>' started.

on startup to stdout. Suppress this output if --quiet option if given. This
makes it simpler to parse benchmark output by a script.

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-7-aspsk@isovalent.com

The "local-storage-tasks-trace" benchmark has a `--quiet` option. Move it to
the list of common options, so that the main code and other benchmarks can use
(new) env.quiet variable. Patch the run_bench_local_storage_rcu_tasks_trace.sh
helper script accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-6-aspsk@isovalent.com

The benchs/bench_bpf_hashmap_full_update.c doesn't set a custom argp,
so it shouldn't include the <argp.h> header.

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-5-aspsk@isovalent.com

To parse command line the bench utility uses the argp_parse() function. This
function takes as an argument a parent 'struct argp' structure which defines
common command line options and an array of children 'struct argp' structures
which defines additional command line options for particular benchmarks. This
implementation doesn't allow benchmarks to share option names, e.g., if two
benchmarks want to use, say, the --option option, then only one of them will
succeed (the first one encountered in the array).  This will be convenient if
same option names could be used in different benchmarks (with the same
semantics, e.g., --nr_loops=N).

Fix this by calling the argp_parse() function twice. The first call is the same
as it was before, with all children argps, and helps to find the benchmark name
and to print a combined help message if anything is wrong.  Given the name, we
can call the argp_parse the second time, but now the children array points only
to a correct benchmark thus always calling the correct parsers. (If there's no
a specific list of arguments, then only one call to argp_parse will be done.)

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-4-aspsk@isovalent.com

The hashmap_report_final callback function defined in the
benchs/bench_bpf_hashmap_full_update.c file should be static.

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-3-aspsk@isovalent.com

To call the bpf_hashmap_full_update benchmark, one should say:

    bench bpf-hashmap-ful-update

The patch adds a missing 'l' to the benchmark name.

Signed-off-by: Anton Protopopov <aspsk@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230213091519.1202813-2-aspsk@isovalent.com

Hou Tao says:

====================

From: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>

Hi,

The patchset tries to fix the hard-up problem found when checking how htab
handles element reuse in bpf memory allocator. The immediate reuse of
freed elements will reinitialize special fields (e.g., bpf_spin_lock) in
htab map value and it may corrupt lookup procedure with BFP_F_LOCK flag
which acquires bpf-spin-lock during value copying, and lead to hard-lock
as shown in patch #2. Patch #1 fixes it by using __GFP_ZERO when allocating
the object from slab and the behavior is similar with the preallocated
hash-table case. Please see individual patches for more details. And comments
are always welcome.

Regards,

Change Log:
v1:
  * Use __GFP_ZERO instead of ctor to avoid retpoline overhead (from Alexei)
  * Add comments for check_and_init_map_value() (from Alexei)
  * split __GFP_ZERO patches out of the original patchset to unblock
    the development work of others.

RFC: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221230041151.1231169-1-houtao@huaweicloud.com


====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

The reinitialization of spin-lock in map value after immediate reuse may
corrupt lookup with BPF_F_LOCK flag and result in hard lock-up, so add
one test case to demonstrate the problem.

Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230215082132.3856544-3-houtao@huaweicloud.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Currently the freed element in bpf memory allocator may be immediately
reused, for htab map the reuse will reinitialize special fields in map
value (e.g., bpf_spin_lock), but lookup procedure may still access
these special fields, and it may lead to hard-lockup as shown below:

 NMI backtrace for cpu 16
 CPU: 16 PID: 2574 Comm: htab.bin Tainted: G             L     6.1.0+ #1
 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),
 RIP: 0010:queued_spin_lock_slowpath+0x283/0x2c0
 ......
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  copy_map_value_locked+0xb7/0x170
  bpf_map_copy_value+0x113/0x3c0
  __sys_bpf+0x1c67/0x2780
  __x64_sys_bpf+0x1c/0x20
  do_syscall_64+0x30/0x60
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x46/0xb0
 ......
  </TASK>

For htab map, just like the preallocated case, these is no need to
initialize these special fields in map value again once these fields
have been initialized. For preallocated htab map, these fields are
initialized through __GFP_ZERO in bpf_map_area_alloc(), so do the
similar thing for non-preallocated htab in bpf memory allocator. And
there is no need to use __GFP_ZERO for per-cpu bpf memory allocator,
because __alloc_percpu_gfp() does it implicitly.

Fixes: 0fd7c5d4 ("bpf: Optimize call_rcu in non-preallocated hash map.")
Signed-off-by: Hou Tao <houtao1@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230215082132.3856544-2-houtao@huaweicloud.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Eduard Zingerman says:

====================

This patch-set is a part of preparation work for -mcpu=v4 option for
BPF C compiler (discussed in [1]). Among other things -mcpu=v4 should
enable generation of BPF_ST instruction by the compiler.

- Patches #1,2 adjust verifier to track values of constants written to
  stack using BPF_ST. Currently these are tracked imprecisely, unlike
  the writes using BPF_STX, e.g.:

    fp[-8] = 42;   currently verifier assumes that fp[-8]=mmmmmmmm
                   after such instruction, where m stands for "misc",
                   just a note that something is written at fp[-8].

    r1 = 42;       verifier tracks r1=42 after this instruction.
    fp[-8] = r1;   verifier tracks fp[-8]=42 after this instruction.

  This patch makes both cases equivalent.

- Patches #3,4 adjust verifier.c:check_stack_write_fixed_off() to
  preserve STACK_ZERO marks when BPF_ST writes zero. Currently these
  are replaced by STACK_MISC, unlike zero writes using BPF_STX, e.g.:

    ... stack range [X,Y] is marked as STACK_ZERO ...
    r0 = ... variable offset pointer to stack with range [X,Y] ...

    fp[r0] = 0;    currently verifier marks range [X,Y] as
                   STACK_MISC for such instructions.

    r1 = 0;
    fp[r0] = r1;   verifier keeps STACK_ZERO marks for range [X,Y].

  This patch makes both cases equivalent.

Motivating example for patch #1 could be found at [3].

Previous version of the patch-set is here [2], the changes are:
- Explicit initialization of fake register parent link is removed from
  verifier.c:check_stack_write_fixed_off() as parent links are now
  correctly handled by verifier.c:save_register_state().
- Original patch #1 is split in patches #1 & #3.
- Missing test case added for patch #3
  verifier.c:check_stack_write_fixed_off() adjustment.
- Test cases are updated to use .prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP,
  which requires return value to be in the range [0,1] (original test
  cases assumed that such range is always required, which is not true).
- Original patch #3 with changes allowing BPF_ST writes to context is
  withheld for now, w/o compiler support for BPF_ST it requires some
  creative testing.
- Original patch #5 is removed from the patch-set. This patch
  contained adjustments to expected verifier error messages in some
  tests, necessary when C compiler generates BPF_ST instruction
  instead of BPF_STX (changes to expected instruction indices). These
  changes are not necessary yet.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/01515302-c37d-2ee5-c950-2f556a4caad0@meta.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221231163122.1360813-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/f1e4282bf00aa21a72fc5906f8c3be1ae6c94a5e.camel@gmail.com/


====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

A test case to verify that variable offset BPF_ST instruction
preserves STACK_ZERO marks when writes zeros, e.g. in the following
situation:

  *(u64*)(r10 - 8) = 0   ; STACK_ZERO marks for fp[-8]
  r0 = random(-7, -1)    ; some random number in range of [-7, -1]
  r0 += r10              ; r0 is now variable offset pointer to stack
  *(u8*)(r0) = 0         ; BPF_ST writing zero, STACK_ZERO mark for
                         ; fp[-8] should be preserved.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214232030.1502829-5-eddyz87@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

BPF_STX instruction preserves STACK_ZERO marks for variable offset
writes in situations like below:

  *(u64*)(r10 - 8) = 0   ; STACK_ZERO marks for fp[-8]
  r0 = random(-7, -1)    ; some random number in range of [-7, -1]
  r0 += r10              ; r0 is now a variable offset pointer to stack
  r1 = 0
  *(u8*)(r0) = r1        ; BPF_STX writing zero, STACK_ZERO mark for
                         ; fp[-8] is preserved

This commit updates verifier.c:check_stack_write_var_off() to process
BPF_ST in a similar manner, e.g. the following example:

  *(u64*)(r10 - 8) = 0   ; STACK_ZERO marks for fp[-8]
  r0 = random(-7, -1)    ; some random number in range of [-7, -1]
  r0 += r10              ; r0 is now variable offset pointer to stack
  *(u8*)(r0) = 0         ; BPF_ST writing zero, STACK_ZERO mark for
                         ; fp[-8] is preserved

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214232030.1502829-4-eddyz87@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Check that verifier tracks the value of 'imm' spilled to stack by
BPF_ST_MEM instruction. Cover the following cases:
- write of non-zero constant to stack;
- write of a zero constant to stack.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214232030.1502829-3-eddyz87@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

For aligned stack writes using BPF_ST instruction track stored values
in a same way BPF_STX is handled, e.g. make sure that the following
commands produce similar verifier knowledge:

  fp[-8] = 42;             r1 = 42;
                       fp[-8] = r1;

This covers two cases:
 - non-null values written to stack are stored as spill of fake
   registers;
 - null values written to stack are stored as STACK_ZERO marks.

Previously both cases above used STACK_MISC marks instead.

Some verifier test cases relied on the old logic to obtain STACK_MISC
marks for some stack values. These test cases are updated in the same
commit to avoid failures during bisect.

Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214232030.1502829-2-eddyz87@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

The compiler is optimizing out majority of unref_ptr read/writes, so the test
wasn't testing much. For example, one could delete '__kptr' tag from
'struct prog_test_ref_kfunc __kptr *unref_ptr;' and the test would still "pass".

Convert it to volatile stores. Confirmed by comparing bpf asm before/after.

Fixes: 2cbc469a ("selftests/bpf: Add C tests for kptr")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Acked-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214235051.22938-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <martin.lau@kernel.org>

When the BPF selftests are cross-compiled, only the a host version of
bpftool is built. This version of bpftool is used on the host-side to
generate various intermediates, e.g., skeletons.

The test runners are also using bpftool, so the Makefile will symlink
bpftool from the selftest/bpf root, where the test runners will look
the tool:

  | $(Q)ln -sf $(if $2,..,.)/tools/build/bpftool/bootstrap/bpftool \
  |    $(OUTPUT)/$(if $2,$2/)bpftool

There are two problems for cross-compilation builds:

 1. There is no native (cross-compilation target) of bpftool
 2. The bootstrap/bpftool is never cross-compiled (by design)

Make sure that a native/cross-compiled version of bpftool is built,
and if CROSS_COMPILE is set, symlink the native/non-bootstrap version.

Acked-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Björn Töpel <bjorn@rivosinc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214161253.183458-1-bjorn@kernel.org


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

In commit 7e2a9ebe ("docs, bpf: Ensure IETF's BPF mailing list gets
copied for ISA doc changes"), a new MAINTAINERS entry was added for any
BPF IETF documentation updates for the ongoing standardization process.
I've been making it a point to try and review as many BPF documentation
patches as possible, and have made a committment to Alexei to
consistently review BPF standardization patches going forward. This
patch adds my name as a reviewer to the MAINTAINERS entry for the
standardization effort.

Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214223553.78353-1-void@manifault.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

There exists build error when make -C tools/testing/selftests/bpf/
on LoongArch:

  BINARY   test_verifier
In file included from test_verifier.c:27:
tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf_perf_event.h:14:28: error: field 'regs' has incomplete type
   14 |         bpf_user_pt_regs_t regs;
      |                            ^~~~
make: *** [Makefile:577: tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_verifier] Error 1
make: Leaving directory 'tools/testing/selftests/bpf'

Add missing uapi header for LoongArch to use the following definition:
typedef struct user_pt_regs bpf_user_pt_regs_t;

Signed-off-by: Tiezhu Yang <yangtiezhu@loongson.cn>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1676458867-22052-1-git-send-email-yangtiezhu@loongson.cn


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Stephen Rothwell reported htmldocs warning when merging bpf-next tree,
which was the same warning as reported by kernel test robot:

Documentation/bpf/graph_ds_impl.rst:62: ERROR: Error in "code-block" directive:
maximum 1 argument(s) allowed, 12 supplied.

The error is due to Sphinx confuses node_data struct declaration with
code-block directive option.

Fix the warning by separating the code-block marker with node_data struct
declaration.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-next/20230215144505.4751d823@canb.auug.org.au/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-doc/202302151123.wUE5FYFx-lkp@intel.com/


Fixes: c31315c3 ("bpf, documentation: Add graph documentation for non-owning refs")
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230215123253.41552-3-bagasdotme@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Revert "bpf: Add --skip_encoding_btf_inconsistent_proto, --btf_gen_optimized to pahole flags for v1.25"

This reverts commit 0243d3df.

pahole 1.25 is too aggressive removing functions.
With clang compiled kernel the following is seen:
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol tcp_reno_cong_avoid
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol dctcp_update_alpha
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol cubictcp_cong_avoid
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_xdp_metadata_rx_timestamp
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_xdp_metadata_rx_hash
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_task_kptr_get
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_task_acquire_not_zero
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_rdonly_cast
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_static_unused_arg
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_ref
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_pass_ctx
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_pass2
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_pass1
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_mem_len_pass1
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_mem_len_fail2
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_mem_len_fail1
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_kptr_get
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_fail3
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_fail2
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test_acquire
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test2
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_test1
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_memb_release
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_memb1_release
WARN: resolve_btfids: unresolved symbol bpf_kfunc_call_int_mem_release

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Clean up prog_tests/dynptr.c by removing the unneeded "expected_err_msg"
in the dynptr_tests struct, which is a remnant from converting the fail
tests cases to use the generic verification tester.

Signed-off-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214051332.4007131-2-joannelkoong@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Clean up user_ringbuf, cgrp_kfunc, and kfunc_dynptr_param tests to use
the generic verification tester for checking verifier rejections.
The generic verification tester uses btf_decl_tag-based annotations
for verifying that the tests fail with the expected log messages.

Signed-off-by: Joanne Koong <joannelkoong@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Reviewed-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214051332.4007131-1-joannelkoong@gmail.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Dave Marchevsky says:

====================
This series adds a rbtree datastructure following the "next-gen
datastructure" precedent set by recently-added linked-list [0]. This is
a reimplementation of previous rbtree RFC [1] to use kfunc + kptr
instead of adding a new map type. This series adds a smaller set of API
functions than that RFC - just the minimum needed to support current
cgfifo example scheduler in ongoing sched_ext effort [2], namely:

  bpf_rbtree_add
  bpf_rbtree_remove
  bpf_rbtree_first

The meat of this series is bugfixes and verifier infra work to support
these API functions. Adding more rbtree kfuncs in future patches should
be straightforward as a result.

First, the series refactors and extends linked_list's release_on_unlock
logic. The concept of "reference to node that was added to data
structure" is formalized as "non-owning reference". From linked_list's
perspective this non-owning reference after
linked_list_push_{front,back} has same semantics as release_on_unlock,
with the addition of writes to such references being valid in the
critical section. Such references are no longer marked PTR_UNTRUSTED.
Patches 2 and 13 go into more detail.

The series then adds rbtree API kfuncs and necessary verifier support
for them - namely support for callback args to kfuncs and some
non-owning reference interactions that linked_list didn't need.

BPF rbtree uses struct rb_root_cached + existing rbtree lib under the
hood. From the BPF program writer's perspective, a BPF rbtree is very
similar to existing linked list. Consider the following example:

  struct node_data {
    long key;
    long data;
    struct bpf_rb_node node;
  }

  static bool less(struct bpf_rb_node *a, const struct bpf_rb_node *b)
  {
    struct node_data *node_a;
    struct node_data *node_b;

    node_a = container_of(a, struct node_data, node);
    node_b = container_of(b, struct node_data, node);

    return node_a->key < node_b->key;
  }

  private(A) struct bpf_spin_lock glock;
  private(A) struct bpf_rb_root groot __contains(node_data, node);

  /* ... in BPF program */
  struct node_data *n, *m;
  struct bpf_rb_node *res;

  n = bpf_obj_new(typeof(*n));
  if (!n)
    /* skip */
  n->key = 5;
  n->data = 10;

  bpf_spin_lock(&glock);
  bpf_rbtree_add(&groot, &n->node, less);
  bpf_spin_unlock(&glock);

  bpf_spin_lock(&glock);
  res = bpf_rbtree_first(&groot);
  if (!res)
    /* skip */
  res = bpf_rbtree_remove(&groot, res);
  if (!res)
    /* skip */
  bpf_spin_unlock(&glock);

  m = container_of(res, struct node_data, node);
  bpf_obj_drop(m);

Some obvious similarities:

  * Special bpf_rb_root and bpf_rb_node types have same semantics
    as bpf_list_head and bpf_list_node, respectively
  * __contains is used to associated node type with root
  * The spin_lock associated with a rbtree must be held when using
    rbtree API kfuncs
  * Nodes are allocated via bpf_obj_new and dropped via bpf_obj_drop
  * Rbtree takes ownership of node lifetime when a node is added.
    Removing a node gives ownership back to the program, requiring a
    bpf_obj_drop before program exit

Some new additions as well:

  * Support for callbacks in kfunc args is added to enable 'less'
    callback use above
  * bpf_rbtree_first is the first graph API function to return a
    non-owning reference instead of convering an arg from own->non-own
  * Because all references to nodes already added to the rbtree are
    non-owning, bpf_rbtree_remove must accept such a reference in order
    to remove it from the tree

Summary of patches:
  Patches 1 - 5 implement the meat of rbtree-specific support in this
  series, gradually building up to implemented kfuncs that verify as
  expected.

  Patch 6 adds the bpf_rbtree_{add,first,remove} to bpf_experimental.h.

  Patch 7 adds tests, Patch 9 adds documentation.

  [0]: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221118015614.2013203-1-memxor@gmail.com
  [1]: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20220830172759.4069786-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com
  [2]: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221130082313.3241517-1-tj@kernel.org

Changelog:

v5 -> v6: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230212092715.1422619-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

Patch #'s below refer to the patch's number in v5 unless otherwise stated.

* General / Patch 1
  * Rebase onto latest bpf-next: "bpf: Migrate release_on_unlock logic to non-owning ref semantics"
  * This was Patch 1 of v4, was applied, not included in v6

* Patch 3 - "bpf: Add bpf_rbtree_{add,remove,first} kfuncs"
  * Use bpf_callback_t instead of plain-C fn ptr for bpf_rbtree_add. This
    necessitated having bpf_rbtree_add duplicate rbtree_add's functionality.
    Wrapper function was used w/ internal __bpf_rbtree_add helper so that
    bpf_experimental.h proto could continue to use plain-C fn ptr so BPF progs
    could benefit from typechecking (Alexei)

v4 -> v5: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230209174144.3280955-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

Patch #'s below refer to the patch's number in v4 unless otherwise stated.

* General
  * Rebase onto latest bpf-next: "Merge branch 'bpf, mm: introduce cgroup.memory=nobpf'"

* Patches 1-3 are squashed into "bpf: Migrate release_on_unlock logic to non-owning ref semantics".
  * Added type_is_non_owning_ref helper (Alexei)
  * Use a NON_OWN_REF type flag instead of separate bool (Alexei)

* Patch 8 - "bpf: Special verifier handling for bpf_rbtree_{remove, first}"
  * When doing btf_parse_fields, reject structs with both bpf_list_node and
    bpf_rb_node fields. This is a temporary measure that can be removed after
    "collection identity" followup. See comment added in btf_parse_fields for
    more detail (Kumar, Alexei)
  * Add linked_list BTF test exercising check added to btf_parse_fields
  * Minor changes and moving around of some reg type checks due to NON_OWN_REF type flag
    introduction

* Patch 10 - "selftests/bpf: Add rbtree selftests"
  * Migrate failure tests to RUN_TESTS, __failure, __msg() framework (Alexei)

v3 -> v4: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230131180016.3368305-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

Patch #'s below refer to the patch's number in v3 unless otherwise stated.

* General
  * Don't base this series on "bpf: Refactor release_regno searching logic",
    which was submitted separately as a refactor.
  * Rebase onto latest bpf-next: "samples/bpf: Add openat2() enter/exit tracepoint to syscall_tp sample"

* Patch 2 - "bpf: Improve bpf_reg_state space usage for non-owning ref lock"
  * print_verifier_state change was adding redundant comma after "non_own_ref",
    fix it to put comma in correct place
  * invalidate_non_owning_refs no longer needs to take bpf_active_lock param,
    since any non-owning ref reg in env's cur_state is assumed to use that
    state's active_lock (Alexei)
  * invalidate_non_owning_refs' reg loop should check that the reg being
    inspected is a PTR_TO_BTF_ID before checking reg->non_owning_ref_lock,
    since that field is part of a union and may be filled w/ meaningless bytes
    if reg != PTR_TO_BTF_ID (Alexei)

* Patch 3 - "selftests/bpf: Update linked_list tests for non-owning ref semantics"
  * Change the string searched for by the following tests:
    * linked_list/incorrect_node_off1
    * linked_list/double_push_front
    * linked_list/double_push_back

    necessary due to rebase / dropping of "release_regno searching logic" patch
    (see "General" changes)

* Patch 8 - "bpf: Special verifier handling for bpf_rbtree_{remove, first}"
  * Just call invalidate_non_owning_refs w/ env instead of env, lock. (see
    Patch 2 changes)

* Patch 11 - "bpf, documentation: Add graph documentation for non-owning refs"
  * Fix documentation formatting and improve content (David)
  * v3's version of patch 11 was missing some changes, v4's patch 11 is still
    addressing David's feedback from v2

v2 -> v3: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221217082506.1570898-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

Patch #'s below refer to the patch's number in v2 unless otherwise stated.

* Patch 1 - "bpf: Support multiple arg regs w/ ref_obj_id for kfuncs"
  * No longer needed as v3 doesn't have multiple ref_obj_id arg regs
  * The refactoring pieces were submitted separately
    (https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230121002417.1684602-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

)

* Patch 2 - "bpf: Migrate release_on_unlock logic to non-owning ref semantics"
  * Remove KF_RELEASE_NON_OWN flag from list API push methods, just match
    against specific kfuncs for now (Alexei, David)
  * Separate "release non owning reference" logic from KF_RELEASE logic
    (Alexei, David)
  * reg_find_field_offset now correctly tests 'rec' instead of 'reg' after
    calling reg_btf_record (Dan Carpenter)

* New patch added after Patch 2 - "bpf: Improve bpf_reg_state space usage for non-owning ref lock"
  * Eliminates extra bpf_reg_state memory usage by using a bool instead of
    copying lock identity

* Patch 4 - "bpf: rename list_head -> graph_root in field info types"
  * v2's version was applied to bpf-next, not including in respins

* Patch 6 - "bpf: Add bpf_rbtree_{add,remove,first} kfuncs"
  * Remove KF_RELEASE_NON_OWN flag from rbtree_add, just add it to specific
    kfunc matching (Alexei, David)

* Patch 9 - "bpf: Special verifier handling for bpf_rbtree_{remove, first}"
  * Remove KF_INVALIDATE_NON_OWN kfunc flag, just match against specific kfunc
    for now (Alexei, David)

* Patch 11 - "libbpf: Make BTF mandatory if program BTF has spin_lock or alloc_obj type"
  * Drop for now, will submit separately

* Patch 12 - "selftests/bpf: Add rbtree selftests"
  * Some expected-failure tests have different error messages due to "release
    non-owning reference logic" being separated from KF_RELEASE logic in Patch
    2 changes

* Patch 13 - "bpf, documentation: Add graph documentation for non-owning refs"
  * Fix documentation formatting and improve content (David)

v1 -> v2: lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221206231000.3180914-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/

Series-wide changes:
  * Rename datastructure_{head,node,api} -> graph_{root,node,api} (Alexei)
  * "graph datastructure" in patch summaries to refer to linked_list + rbtree
    instead of "next-gen datastructure" (Alexei)
  * Move from hacky marking of non-owning references as PTR_UNTRUSTED to
    cleaner implementation (Alexei)
  * Add invalidation of non-owning refs to rbtree_remove (Kumar, Alexei)

Patch #'s below refer to the patch's number in v1 unless otherwise stated.

Note that in v1 most of the meaty verifier changes were in the latter half
of the series. Here, about half of that complexity has been moved to
"bpf: Migrate release_on_unlock logic to non-owning ref semantics" - was Patch
3 in v1.

* Patch 1 - "bpf: Loosen alloc obj test in verifier's reg_btf_record"
  * Was applied, dropped from further iterations

* Patch 2 - "bpf: map_check_btf should fail if btf_parse_fields fails"
  * Dropped in favor of verifier check-on-use: when some normal verifier
    checking expects the map to have btf_fields correctly parsed, it won't
    find any and verification will fail

* New patch added before Patch 3 - "bpf: Support multiple arg regs w/ ref_obj_id for kfuncs"
  * Addition of KF_RELEASE_NON_OWN flag, which requires KF_RELEASE, and tagging
    of bpf_list_push_{front,back} KF_RELEASE | KF_RELEASE_NON_OWN, means that
    list-in-list push_{front,back} will trigger "only one ref_obj_id arg reg"
    logic. This is because "head" arg to those functions can be a list-in-list,
    which itself can be an owning reference with ref_obj_id. So need to
    support multiple ref_obj_id for release kfuncs.

* Patch 3 - "bpf: Minor refactor of ref_set_release_on_unlock"
  * Now a major refactor w/ a rename to reflect this
    * "bpf: Migrate release_on_unlock logic to non-owning ref semantics"
  * Replaces release_on_unlock with active_lock logic as discussed in v1

* New patch added after Patch 3 - "selftests/bpf: Update linked_list tests for non_owning_ref logic"
  * Removes "write after push" linked_list failure tests - no longer failure
    scenarios.

* Patch 4 - "bpf: rename list_head -> datastructure_head in field info types"
  * rename to graph_root instead. Similar renamings across the series - see
    series-wide changes.

* Patch 5 - "bpf: Add basic bpf_rb_{root,node} support"
  * OWNER_FIELD_MASK -> GRAPH_ROOT_MASK, OWNEE_FIELD_MASK -> GRAPH_NODE_MASK,
    and change of "owner"/"ownee" in big btf_check_and_fixup_fields comment to
    "root"/"node" (Alexei)

* Patch 6 - "bpf: Add bpf_rbtree_{add,remove,first} kfuncs"
  * bpf_rbtree_remove can no longer return NULL. v2 continues v1's "use type
    system to prevent remove of node that isn't in a datastructure" approach,
    so rbtree_remove should never have been able to return NULL

* Patch 7 - "bpf: Add support for bpf_rb_root and bpf_rb_node in kfunc args"
  * is_bpf_datastructure_api_kfunc -> is_bpf_graph_api_kfunc (Alexei)

* Patch 8 - "bpf: Add callback validation to kfunc verifier logic"
  * Explicitly disallow rbtree_remove in rbtree callback
  * Explicitly disallow bpf_spin_{lock,unlock} call in rbtree callback,
    preventing possibility of "unbalanced" unlock (Alexei)

* Patch 10 - "bpf, x86: BPF_PROBE_MEM handling for insn->off < 0"
  * Now that non-owning refs aren't marked PTR_UNTRUSTED it's not necessary to
    include this patch as part of the series
  * After conversation w/ Alexei, did another pass and submitted as an
    independent series (lore.kernel.org/bpf/20221213182726.325137-1-davemarchevsky@fb.com/)

* Patch 13 - "selftests/bpf: Add rbtree selftests"
  * Since bpf_rbtree_remove can no longer return null, remove null checks
  * Remove test confirming that rbtree_first isn't allowed in callback. We want
    this to be possible
  * Add failure test confirming that rbtree_remove's new non-owning reference
    invalidation behavior behaves as expected
  * Add SEC("license") to rbtree_btf_fail__* progs. They were previously
    failing due to lack of this section. Now they're failing for correct
    reasons.
  * rbtree_btf_fail__add_wrong_type.c - add locking around rbtree_add, rename
    the bpf prog to something reasonable

* New patch added after patch 13 - "bpf, documentation: Add graph documentation for non-owning refs"
  * Summarizes details of owning and non-owning refs which we hashed out in
    v1
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

It is difficult to intuit the semantics of owning and non-owning
references from verifier code. In order to keep the high-level details
from being lost in the mailing list, this patch adds documentation
explaining semantics and details.

The target audience of doc added in this patch is folks working on BPF
internals, as there's focus on "what should the verifier do here". Via
reorganization or copy-and-paste, much of the content can probably be
repurposed for BPF program writer audience as well.

Signed-off-by: Dave Marchevsky <davemarchevsky@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230214004017.2534011-9-davemarchevsky@fb.com


Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>