rust: compiler_builtins: make stubs non-global

Currently we define a number of stubs for compiler-builtin intrinsics
that compiled libcore generates. The defined stubs are weak so they will
not conflict with genuine implementation of these intrinsics, but their
effect is global and will cause non-libcore code that accidently
generate these intrinsics calls compile and bug on runtime.

Instead of defining a stub that can affect all code, this patch uses
objcopy's `--redefine-sym` flag to redirect these calls (from libcore
only) to a prefixed version (e.g. redirect `__multi3` to `__rust_multi3`),
so we can define panciking stubs that are only visible to libcore.

This patch was previously discussed on GitHub [1]. This approach was also
independently proposed by Nick Desaulniers in [2].

Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/pull/779 [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAKwvOdkc0Qhwu=gfe1+H23TnAa6jnO6A3ZCO687dH6mSrATmDA@mail.gmail.com/


Suggested-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Acked-by: Nick Desaulniers <ndesaulniers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Reviewed-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>