bpftool: Use bpf_{btf,link,map,prog}_get_info_by_fd()

Use the new type-safe wrappers around bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd().

Split the bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd() call in build_btf_type_table() in
two, since knowing the type helps with the Memory Sanitizer.

Improve map_parse_fd_and_info() type safety by using
struct bpf_map_info * instead of void * for info.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin@isovalent.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20230214231221.249277-4-iii@linux.ibm.com